Question 1

Analyze the following Ruby code snippet in the context of class design and instance variable management:class Book attr_reader :title, :author @@total_books = 0 def self.total_books @@total_books end def initialize(title, author) @title = title @author = author @@total_books += 1 endendclass Library attr_reader :books def initialize @books = [] end def add_book(book) @books

Options :

A : undefined method 'total_books' for Library:Class, undefined method 'total_books_in_library' for Library:Class

B : 2, undefined method 'total_books_in_library' for Library:Class

C : undefined method 'total_books' for Library:Class, 2

D : 2, 2

Answer: C

Question 2

Analyze the following Ruby code snippet that utilizes regular expressions for string processing:class EmailExtractor EMAIL_REGEX = /(\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z|a-z]{2,}\b)/ def self.extract_from(text) text.scan(EMAIL_REGEX).flatten endend text1 = "Contact us at [email protected] for assistance"text2 = "Send your feedback to: [email protected] and [email protected]"text3 = "No emails here!" result1 = EmailExtractor.extract_from(text1)result2 = EmailExtractor.extract_from(text2)result3 = EmailExtractor.extract_from(text3) What will be the values of result1, result2, and result3, respectively?

Options :

A : ["[email protected]"], ["[email protected]", "[email protected]"], []

B : ["[email protected]"], ["[email protected]"], ["[email protected]"], []

C : ["[email protected]"], nil, []

D : ["[email protected]"], ["[email protected]", "[email protected]"], nil

Answer: A

Question 3

In Ruby, effectively using blocks is essential for controlling flow and data processing. Review the following Ruby code snippet:numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]sum = 0numbers.each { |number| sum += number }squared_numbers = numbers.map { |number| number ** 2 } Based on this code, which two of the following statements are correct about the blocks used in the context of the each and map methods?

Options :

A : The each block creates a new array containing each number squared.

B : The map block returns a new array with the square of each number, while the original numbers array remains unchanged.

C : Both each and map blocks modify the original numbers array.

D : The each block iteratively adds each number in the numbers array to sum, resulting in the sum of all numbers.

E : The map block modifies the original numbers array to contain the square of each number.

Answer: B,D

Question 4

Review the following Ruby code snippet in the context of class inheritance and method access control:class Product def initialize(name, price) @name = name @price = price end private def price @price endendclass Electronic < Product def discount_amount(discount_percentage) price * discount_percentage / 100.0 end def discounted_price(discount_percentage) price - discount_amount(discount_percentage) endendelectronic_item = Electronic.new("Laptop", 1000)result = electronic_item.discounted_price(20)What will be the value of result?

Options :

A : 800

B : NoMethodError

C : 200

D : 1000

Answer: B

Question 5

Consider the following Ruby code snippet that incorporates the use of refinements:module StringAdjustments refine String do def emphasize "#{self}!" end endend class Writer using StringAdjustments def emphasize_statement(statement) statement.emphasize endend writer = Writer.newexternal_statement = "Hello".emphasize result1 = writer.emphasize_statement("Hello")result2 = external_statement What will be the values of result1 and result2, respectively?

Options :

A : NoMethodError, "Hello!"

B : NoMethodError, NoMethodError

C : "Hello!", NoMethodError

D : "Hello!", "Hello!"

Answer: C

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